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Akabane disease in sheep.

K G Haughey1, W J Hartley, A J Della-Porta

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW.

Australian Veterinary Journal
|May 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Akabane virus infection in pregnant ewes caused central nervous system (CNS) malformations in lambs, leading to significant perinatal mortality. The study identified specific lambing and conception periods associated with high rates of congenital defects.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Teratology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Akabane virus (AKAV) is an arbovirus known to cause congenital abnormalities in ruminants.
  • Perinatal lamb mortality linked to CNS malformations has been observed in various regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of Akabane virus infection and associated congenital central nervous system (CNS) malformations in lambs.
  • To determine the epidemiological factors influencing the prevalence and severity of these malformations.

Main Methods:

  • Serological surveillance of sentinel flocks to detect Akabane virus infection.
  • Pathological examination of aborted fetuses and stillborn lambs to identify CNS malformations.
  • Analysis of lamb mortality rates, malformation prevalence, and age-specific incidence in affected flocks.

Main Results:

  • Akabane virus infection occurred between mid-February and mid-April, coinciding with lambing periods from late May to July.
  • CNS malformations, primarily micrencephaly and hydrocephalus, were prevalent in affected lambs (ranging from 31.0% to 100%).
  • Younger ewes (2-year-olds) were disproportionately affected in some flocks, with affected lambs exhibiting lower birthweights and prolonged gestation.

Conclusions:

  • Akabane virus infection is a significant cause of perinatal lamb mortality due to CNS malformations.
  • The timing of ewe conception and lambing relative to the period of viral circulation is critical.
  • Understanding age-specific susceptibility and pathological features is crucial for disease management.

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