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Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
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MicroRNAs in acquired sensorineural hearing loss.

H H R Chen1, P Wijesinghe1,2, D A Nunez1,2

  • 1Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
|July 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs play a role in age-related hearing loss (presbyacusis) by altering cellular activity and inner-ear balance. Their role in sudden hearing loss requires further investigation.

Keywords:
MiRNA-MRNA InteractionsMicroRNAsPresbycusisSensorineural Hearing Loss

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Presbyacusis (age-related hearing loss) and sudden sensorineural hearing loss are significant auditory impairments.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are implicated in various cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of presbyacusis and sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for English-language studies published between 2000 and 2017.
  • Nine high-quality studies were included in the review after applying inclusion criteria.
  • The National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool was used to evaluate the evidence quality.

Main Results:

  • In presbyacusis, upregulated miRNAs are associated with pro-apoptotic and autophagy pathways, while downregulated miRNAs are linked to proliferative and differentiation pathways.
  • A shift in miRNA expression may lead to reduced cellular activity and impaired inner-ear homeostasis, contributing to presbyacusis.
  • The evidence for a direct etiological role of miRNAs in sudden hearing loss is currently limited.

Conclusions:

  • Altered microRNA expression profiles are implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related hearing loss.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of miRNAs in both presbyacusis and sudden sensorineural hearing loss.