Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Design to Implementation Study for Development and Patient Validation of Paper-Based Toehold Switch Diagnostics
Published on: June 17, 2022
Development and validation of the Total Dyspnea Scale for Cancer Patients
Harumi Hashimoto1, Kiyoko Kanda2
1Department of Nursing, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, 323-1 Kamioki-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0052, Japan.
Purpose:
This study developed a comprehensive measurement tool for assessing dyspnea in cancer patients and examined its reliability and validity.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 239 cancer patients with awareness of cancer-related dyspnea from outpatient/inpatient wards of six general hospitals in Japan. Items for the Total Dyspnea Scale for Cancer Patients (TDSC) were developed based on qualitative research and a literature review on patients with dyspnea. Ten cancer experts confirmed the scale's content validity. Factor analysis established construct validity. Internal consistency was analyzed by Cronbach's α. Study variables were the effects of dyspnea, worry, and quality of life.
Results:
Factor analysis identified 2 factors (11 items): effects on "daily living activities and psychology" and on "social life." Cronbach's α of the whole scale was 0.952 (p < 0.01), confirming high reliability. The scale showed high correlation with existing measures. TDSC can comprehensively and multidimensionally evaluate cancer-related dyspnea.
Conclusions:
The TDSC consists of 11 items within two factors. Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.952 in this study, and thus, an acceptable level of reliability was confirmed. In addition, reference-related validity and discriminant validity were verified and confirmed. In future clinical practice, this scale can be utilized as a useful tool for comprehensively and multidimensionally evaluating cancer-related dyspnea.
More Related Videos
09:29Development and Maintenance of a Preclinical Patient Derived Tumor Xenograft Model for the Investigation of Novel Anti-Cancer Therapies
Published on: September 30, 2016
07:29Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies
Published on: June 20, 2015
Related Concept Videos
In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation
Reliability and Validity
pH Scale
Data Validation
Nursing assessment guides are generally based on holistic models rather than medical...
Data Validation
Key parameters for method validation include:
Scaling