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Looking in the Wrong Direction for Higher-Yielding Crop Genotypes.

Jacob Weiner1

  • 1Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.

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|July 31, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant scientists should rethink crop yield strategies. Focusing on traits that decrease plant fitness, rather than improving natural selection-optimized processes, may unlock higher crop yields.

Keywords:
evolutionfitnessgroup selectionnatural selection

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Crop Science

Background:

  • Current crop improvement strategies often misunderstand evolution via natural selection.
  • Investments in enhancing basic physiological processes may not yield significant results as these are already optimized by natural selection.
  • Past breeding successes have paradoxically involved decreased plant fitness, not enhanced physiological efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the conventional approach in plant physiology and genetic engineering for higher crop yields.
  • To propose an alternative evolutionary framework for identifying superior crop genotypes.
  • To guide plant scientists and breeders toward more effective strategies for increasing crop productivity.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing the principles of evolution by natural selection in the context of crop improvement.
  • Analyzing historical plant breeding outcomes and their relationship with plant fitness.
  • Proposing the application of 'group selection' principles to crop development.

Main Results:

  • Natural selection has extensively optimized fundamental plant physiological processes over millions of years.
  • Yield increases in crops have historically correlated with reductions in plant fitness (e.g., shorter stature, altered root architecture).
  • Directly improving naturally optimized traits is unlikely to lead to substantial yield gains.

Conclusions:

  • Plant breeders and scientists should shift focus from improving naturally optimized traits.
  • Hypotheses should be generated based on evolutionary concepts like group selection.
  • Exploring traits that increase yield by decreasing individual plant fitness may be a more fruitful avenue for developing higher-yielding crop varieties.