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Morphological Cell Types Projecting from V1 Layer 4B to V2 Thick and Thin Stripes.

Jeff Yarch1, Hanna Larsen1, Marcus Chen1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|July 31, 2019
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Summary

Primary visual cortex layer 4B neurons project to distinct area V2 stripes. M-dominated spiny stellates preferentially target thick stripes, suggesting specialized visual processing pathways in the brain.

Keywords:
Macaquecytochrome oxidaseprimary visual cortexpyramidal cellssecondary visual areaspiny stellate cells

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Cortex Research
  • Cellular Neuroscience

Background:

  • Area V1 (primary visual cortex) has distinct cytochrome oxidase stripes in area V2, receiving segregated inputs.
  • These pathways suggest functionally specialized circuits, but the cell types involved are unclear.
  • V1 layer 4B contains pyramid and spiny stellate neurons, differing in the visual information they transmit (mixed M/P vs. M-only).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether distinct cell types in V1 layer 4B project to different V2 stripes.
  • To determine the contribution of different V1 L4B cell types to V2 thin and thick stripes.
  • To identify morphological differences among V1 L4B neurons projecting to V2.

Main Methods:

  • Viral-mediated labeling of V2-projecting L4B neurons in male macaques.
  • Analysis of projection patterns from V1 L4B cell types to V2 thin and thick stripes.
  • Morphological characterization of V2-projecting L4B neurons.

Main Results:

  • V2 thick stripes receive a greater proportion of inputs from M-dominated spiny stellates compared to thin stripes.
  • Both V2 stripe types receive a larger contribution from spiny stellates than previously estimated, indicating significant M-pathway flow.
  • Four distinct morphological types of V2-projecting L4B neurons were identified, with a unique giant spiny-stellate type exclusively projecting to thick stripes.

Conclusions:

  • V1 L4B neurons exhibit cell-type-specific projections to V2 stripes, supporting functionally specialized visual processing streams.
  • The findings reveal a more substantial role for M-pathway information in both dorsal and ventral streams via V2 stripes.
  • Identification of distinct morphological cell types suggests specialized roles in visual information processing within the V1-V2 pathway.