Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Network Function of a Circuit01:25

Network Function of a Circuit

660
Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
660
Second-Order Circuits01:17

Second-Order Circuits

3.3K
Integrating two fundamental energy storage elements in electrical circuits results in second-order circuits, encompassing RLC circuits and circuits with dual capacitors or inductors (RC and RL circuits). Second-order circuits are identified by second-order differential equations that link input and output signals.
Input signals typically originate from voltage or current sources, with the output often representing voltage across the capacitor and/or current through the inductor. For example, in...
3.3K
First-Order Circuits01:15

First-Order Circuits

3.3K
First-order electrical circuits, which comprise resistors and a single energy storage element - either a capacitor or an inductor, are fundamental to many electronic systems. These circuits are governed by a first-order differential equation that describes the relationship between input and output signals.
One common example of a first-order circuit is the RC (resistor-capacitor) circuit. These circuits are used in relaxation oscillators such as neon lamp oscillator circuits. When voltage is...
3.3K
The Y-to-Y Circuit01:19

The Y-to-Y Circuit

734
In a balanced four-wire wye-to-wye system, the arrangement involves wye-connected sinusoidal voltage sources and loads, connected through a neutral wire that links the neutral nodes of the source and load. The load impedance is connected across each phase of the load. The wye-connected source can be connected to the wye-connected load in four-wire and three-wire arrangements. A three-phase system is considered balanced when the load on each phase is equal, leading to uniform current flow and...
734
LC Circuits01:21

LC Circuits

3.2K
An LC circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor, either in series or parallel. Consider a charged capacitor connected with an inductor in series. Before the switch is closed, all the energy of the circuit is stored in the electric field of the capacitor. When the switch is closed, the capacitor begins to discharge, producing a current in the circuit. The current, in turn, creates a magnetic field in the inductor. Because of the induced emf in the inductor, the current cannot change...
3.2K
Three-Phase Circuits01:22

Three-Phase Circuits

796
AC power distribution systems have three categories: single-phase, two-phase, and three-phase systems. The single-phase circuit, common in residential settings, typically employs a two-wire system connecting a single AC source to various loads. These circuits support standard household appliances operating at 120 volts (V) and 240 V, such as lamps, televisions, and microwaves. The first generators, Niagara Falls hydro plant installed in 1895, were two-phase and designed by Nikola Tesla. The...
796

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A 3D Human Neuron-on-Chip Platform to Monitor Neuronal Injury Responses.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Impact of COVID-19 on demographic trends and predictors of surgical interventions in pediatric orbital cellulitis.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Visual uncertainty and task demands shape active sensing strategies in mice.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Visual uncertainty and task demands shape active sensing strategies in mice.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same author

Inhibition benefits neural system identification.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Proton-shuttling nanosheet membranes enable high-power-density protonic fuel cells.

Science advances·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

An Explant System for Time-Lapse Imaging Studies of Olfactory Circuit Assembly in Drosophila
07:06

An Explant System for Time-Lapse Imaging Studies of Olfactory Circuit Assembly in Drosophila

Published on: October 13, 2021

2.5K

Target specific functions of EPL interneurons in olfactory circuits.

Gary Liu1,2, Emmanouil Froudarakis3,4, Jay M Patel2,3

  • 1Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

Nature Communications
|July 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Removing inhibition from olfactory bulb interneurons (EPL-INs) alters sensory processing. This impacts tufted and mitral cells differently, making odor mixture responses more predictable.

More Related Videos

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

10.1K
Functional Evaluation of Olfactory Pathways in Living Xenopus Tadpoles
07:33

Functional Evaluation of Olfactory Pathways in Living Xenopus Tadpoles

Published on: December 11, 2018

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

An Explant System for Time-Lapse Imaging Studies of Olfactory Circuit Assembly in Drosophila
07:06

An Explant System for Time-Lapse Imaging Studies of Olfactory Circuit Assembly in Drosophila

Published on: October 13, 2021

2.5K
A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

10.1K
Functional Evaluation of Olfactory Pathways in Living Xenopus Tadpoles
07:33

Functional Evaluation of Olfactory Pathways in Living Xenopus Tadpoles

Published on: December 11, 2018

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory processing
  • Olfactory system

Background:

  • Inhibitory interneurons are crucial for sensory processing.
  • Understanding cell type-specific roles in sensory circuits is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of EPL interneurons (EPL-INs) in the mouse olfactory system.
  • To determine how removing GABAergic transmission from EPL-INs affects downstream tufted and mitral cells.

Main Methods:

  • Selective removal of GABAergic transmission from EPL-INs.
  • In vivo electrophysiological and imaging analyses of odor responses.
  • Assessing responses in tufted cells and mitral cells.

Main Results:

  • Inactivating EPL-INs caused differential effects on magnitude, reliability, tuning width, and temporal dynamics in tufted and mitral cells.
  • Tufted cell responses to odor mixtures became more linearly predictable without EPL-IN inhibition.
  • Mitral cell responses did not show the same increase in linear predictability.

Conclusions:

  • EPL interneurons play a significant role in olfactory information processing.
  • Distinct inhibitory functions of olfactory bulb interneurons onto different synaptic partners shape sensory perception.
  • This study highlights the importance of specific inhibitory circuits in refining sensory information.