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The Carbon Cycle01:14

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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The Moon orbits around the Earth. In turn, the Earth (and other planets) orbit the Sun. The space directly above our atmosphere is filled with artificial satellites in orbit. One can examine the circular orbit, the simplest kind of orbit, to understand the relationship between the speed and the period of planets and satellites with respect to their positions and the bodies that they orbit.
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Area of Science:

  • Earth System Science
  • Climate Science
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Terrestrial tropical carbon stocks significantly influence the global carbon budget.
  • Existing monitoring tools lack the accuracy and scale for precise carbon stock dynamics.
  • Understanding tropical carbon fluxes is crucial for climate change mitigation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify annual aboveground carbon (AGC) fluxes in tropical regions using novel observational methods.
  • To assess the balance of tropical AGC budget between 2010 and 2017.
  • To investigate the drivers of interannual fluctuations in tropical AGC.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized low-frequency L-band passive microwave observations for direct quantification.
  • Calculated spatially explicit annual aboveground carbon fluxes.
  • Analyzed data for the period 2010-2017, including extreme climate events like El Niño and La Niña.

Main Results:

  • The tropical net AGC budget was near balance from 2010-2017, with gross losses of -2.86 PgC yr⁻¹ offset by gross gains of -2.97 PgC yr⁻¹.
  • Significant interannual and spatial variations in AGC were observed, particularly during the 2011 La Niña and 2015-2016 El Niño.
  • Fluctuations were primarily driven by semiarid biomes and strongly correlated with global atmospheric CO₂ growth rate anomalies (r=0.86).

Conclusions:

  • Tropical aboveground carbon stocks play a critical role in regulating global atmospheric CO₂ levels.
  • Passive microwave remote sensing offers a viable tool for large-scale monitoring of tropical carbon dynamics.
  • Tropical carbon cycle dynamics, especially in semiarid regions, are key to understanding global carbon budget fluctuations.