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Updated: Jan 21, 2026
08:25
Mass Cytometry Analysis of Systemic and Local Immune Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Published on: April 25, 2025
754
Current and Future Systemic Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Fernand Bteich1,2, Adrian M Di Bisceglie1,2
1Dr Bteich is an internal medicine resident in the Department of Internal Medicine at the Saint Louis University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri.
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|July 31, 2019
Summary
New systemic therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, offer improved survival for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Earlier treatment initiation is being explored to enhance outcomes for this common cancer.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents significant unmet needs and limited therapeutic options.
- Current management relies on the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system.
- Advanced HCC treatment involves systemic therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review approved systemic therapies for HCC.
- To highlight emerging combination strategies.
- To discuss the concept of earlier systemic therapy initiation ('shift to the left').
Main Methods:
- Review of recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for HCC systemic agents.
- Analysis of ongoing clinical trials for HCC therapies.
- Examination of the BCLC staging and treatment algorithm.
Main Results:
- Five new agents (lenvatinib, regorafenib, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cabozantinib) approved for HCC in the past two years.
- These therapies demonstrate extended overall patient survival with acceptable safety profiles.
- Ramucirumab is under consideration for FDA label expansion for HCC treatment.
Conclusions:
- Approved systemic therapies have improved survival for advanced HCC.
- Ongoing trials are investigating ICI monotherapy and combination treatments with TKIs.
- A paradigm shift towards earlier systemic therapy use in HCC management is emerging.
Keywords:
Hepatocellular carcinomaimmunotherapysystemic therapytreatment paradigmtyrosine kinase inhibitorsMore Related Videos
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