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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Published on: August 17, 2018
Modulation of Conflict Processing by Theta-Range tACS over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Albert Lehr1, Niklas Henneberg1, Tarana Nigam1
1Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany.
Theta brainwave stimulation using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) causally reduces the Stroop effect, a measure of cognitive conflict. This suggests theta oscillations are key to cognitive control mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Behavioral response conflict in tasks like the Stroop task engages the cognitive control network.
- Midfrontal theta-band oscillations are linked to adaptive control during conflict resolution.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a causal link between midfrontal theta oscillations and cognitive control.
- To investigate the effects of 6 Hz tACS on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during Stroop task performance.
Main Methods:
- Two experiments utilized 6 Hz tACS applied to the DLPFC during Stroop task performance.
- Controls included sham stimulation and 9.7 Hz (alpha band) tACS.
- Generalized linear mixed models analyzed behavioral data.
Main Results:
- Accuracy was not affected by any stimulation type.
- 6 Hz tACS significantly reduced the Stroop effect compared to sham, particularly in trials without prior conflict adaptation.
- Alpha tACS did not alter the Stroop effect.
Conclusions:
- Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 6 Hz causally reduces the Stroop effect.
- Theta tACS modulates adaptive mechanisms within the cognitive control network.
- Midfrontal theta oscillations are causally involved in cognitive control.
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