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Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Cancer Mortality in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Randomized Controlled Trial.

Rowan T Chlebowski1, Garnet L Anderson2, JoAnn E Manson3

  • 1Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA.

JNCI Cancer Spectrum
|July 31, 2019
PubMed
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A low-fat diet pattern reduced deaths after breast cancer in postmenopausal women. This dietary intervention showed no significant impact on mortality from other cancers during long-term follow-up.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification trial previously indicated a low-fat diet pattern could reduce breast cancer mortality.
  • However, the impact of such dietary patterns on mortality from other cancer sites remained uninvestigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of a low-fat dietary pattern on site-specific cancer mortality.
  • To examine mortality from and after breast, colon and rectum, endometrium, and ovarian cancers.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 48,835 postmenopausal women aged 50-79.
  • Participants were assigned to a low-fat dietary intervention or a usual diet comparison group.
  • Mortality data were analyzed during a median 8.5-year intervention and a median 17.7-year follow-up.

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Main Results:

  • A statistically significant reduction in deaths after breast cancer was observed during the intervention (HR=0.65) and continued during long-term follow-up (HR=0.85).
  • No significant reduction in mortality from or after any other specific cancer or cancer composite was found.
  • The low-fat diet showed no influence on overall cancer mortality rates.

Conclusions:

  • A low-fat dietary pattern is associated with reduced breast cancer mortality in postmenopausal women.
  • This dietary approach did not demonstrate a significant effect on mortality rates for other cancer types.