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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

A "Patient-Like" Orthotopic Syngeneic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis
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Molecular Profiling of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Circulating Cell-Free DNA.

Ahmed O Kaseb1, Nora S Sánchez2, Shiraj Sen3

  • 1Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. akaseb@mdanderson.org rkurzrock@ucsd.edu.

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
|August 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Liquid biopsies using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) reveal frequent genomic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This blood test shows potential for identifying actionable targets in HCC patients, aiding treatment decisions.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Hepatocellular Carcinoma Research
  • Cancer Biomarkers

Background:

  • Molecular profiling is crucial for targeted therapy selection and prognosis in cancer.
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis and monitoring are challenging due to difficulties in obtaining liver tissue biopsies.
  • Noninvasive diagnostic strategies are urgently needed for HCC management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the utility of comprehensive genomic testing of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in a cohort of HCC patients.
  • To identify common and actionable genomic alterations in HCC using a blood-based approach.
  • To explore potential correlations between genomic alterations and HCC risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples were collected from 206 patients diagnosed with HCC.
  • Comprehensive genomic profiling was performed on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) using Guardant Health technology.
  • Analysis included identification of gene alterations, mutation frequencies, and correlation with clinical factors like Hepatitis B infection.

Main Results:

  • Genomic alterations were detected in 181 out of 206 (87.9%) HCC patients.
  • TP53 was the most frequently altered gene, followed by EGFR, MET, ARID1A, MYC, NF1, BRAF, and ERBB2.
  • Over 56% of patients with alterations had potentially actionable targets, particularly in MYC, EGFR, ERBB2, and BRAF.
  • Hepatitis B-positive patients showed a higher incidence of ERBB2 alterations (35.7% vs. 8.8%, P=0.04).

Conclusions:

  • This study is the first large-scale analysis of blood-derived ctDNA in HCC patients in the United States.
  • The high prevalence of actionable genomic alterations suggests significant clinical utility for ctDNA-based testing in HCC.
  • Genomic profiling of ctDNA can provide valuable insights into HCC biology and aid in personalized treatment strategies.