Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

13.3K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.3K
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

51.3K
Overview
51.3K
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

414
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
414
Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies01:11

Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies

218
Bioavailability studies are essential for understanding how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. These studies assess the extent and rate at which the active pharmaceutical agent becomes available at the site of action. The design of bioavailability studies can involve single-dose or multiple-dose regimens, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Single-dose studies are the preferred approach due to their simplicity and reduced drug exposure for...
218
Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

2.0K
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
2.0K
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

984
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
984

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sex-specific analysis of early disease course and treatment in a German multiple sclerosis cohort.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Pharmacogenomics of response to interferon-beta and glatiramer acetate in Multiple Sclerosis: A multi-centric study.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Large-scale proteomics across neurological disorders uncovers biomarker panel and targets in multiple sclerosis.

Cell·2026
Same author

Loss-of-function variants in the CAPN1 activator CD99L2 cause X-linked spastic ataxia.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Neurofilament light chain as a surrogate candidate for disease activity in multiple sclerosis (LUMINOUS)-A meta-regression of randomized controlled trials.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Complement C4d Informs the Differential Diagnosis of Inflammatory Demyelinating CNS Diseases.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.7K

A large case-control study on vaccination as risk factor for multiple sclerosis.

Alexander Hapfelmeier1, Christiane Gasperi1, Ewan Donnachie1

  • 1From the Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (A.H.), and Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar (C.G., B.H.), Technical University of Munich; National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians of Bavaria (E.D.); and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany.

Neurology
|August 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vaccination does not increase the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). In fact, receiving vaccines, particularly for influenza and tick-borne encephalitis, was associated with a lower likelihood of developing MS.

More Related Videos

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.0K
A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS
08:18

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS

Published on: December 26, 2015

18.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.7K
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.0K
A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS
08:18

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS

Published on: December 26, 2015

18.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The potential link between vaccination and multiple sclerosis (MS) remains a public health concern.
  • Investigating vaccination as a risk factor for MS is crucial for informed public health policy and patient guidance.
  • Previous studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the association between vaccines and MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that vaccination is a risk factor for developing multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To analyze the association between vaccination history and MS diagnosis using large-scale German health insurance data.
  • To assess the relationship between various vaccinations and MS risk in a case-control study design.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study utilizing German ambulatory claims data from 2005-2017.
  • Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the association between MS and vaccinations within 5 years prior to diagnosis.
  • Controls included individuals with Crohn disease, psoriasis, and those without autoimmune diseases.

Main Results:

  • Vaccination was associated with a lower odds of MS diagnosis (OR 0.870, p < 0.001 vs. no autoimmune disease; OR 0.919, p < 0.001 vs. Crohn disease).
  • The reduced odds of MS were most pronounced for influenza and tick-borne encephalitis vaccinations.
  • These findings were consistent across different time frames, control groups, and MS cohort definitions.

Conclusions:

  • The study's results do not support vaccination as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis.
  • Vaccination appears to be associated with a decreased likelihood of MS diagnosis within a 5-year period.
  • Further research is warranted to determine if this observed association represents a protective effect of vaccines against MS.