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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

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Effect of Roughness on the Dispersion of Dry Powders for Inhalation: a Dynamic Visualization Perspective.

Xiang Kou1,2, Paul W S Heng1, Lai Wah Chan1

  • 1National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, Singapore.

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|August 1, 2019
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Summary

Dry powder inhaler (DPI) performance is influenced by carrier particle texture. Surface roughness of carrier particles significantly impacts powder dispersion and drug aerosolization, crucial for effective delivery.

Keywords:
dry powder inhalersimage analysisparticle morphologyparticle surface energyroughness

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Materials Science
  • Aerosol Science

Background:

  • Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are increasingly important for drug delivery.
  • Particle size and shape of active pharmaceutical ingredients and carriers are known to affect aerosolization.
  • The impact of carrier particle surface texture, specifically roughness, on DPI performance remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of carrier particle morphology, particularly surface roughness, on the aerosolization performance of DPI formulations.
  • To understand how carrier surface texture affects powder dispersion, drug-carrier separation, and particle entrainment during inhalation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized image analysis and microscopy to visualize the aerosolization process.
  • Prepared DPI formulations by mixing micronized salbutamol sulphate with carrier particles of varying surface roughness.
  • Conducted in vitro aerosolization testing to evaluate formulation performance.

Main Results:

  • A correlation was observed between the qualitative surface roughness of coarse carrier particles and powder dispersibility during aerosolization.
  • The scale of morphological features on carrier particle surfaces was found to influence powder dispersion dynamics.
  • Carrier surface texture plays a significant role in the separation of drug and carrier particles.

Conclusions:

  • Carrier particle surface roughness is a critical factor influencing the aerosolization performance of dry powder inhaler formulations.
  • The scale of carrier morphology directly impacts powder dispersion, a key dynamic process in DPI function.
  • Optimizing carrier surface texture can enhance drug delivery efficiency from DPIs.