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Examining Recidivism in a Prostitution Diversion Program.

Erica Koegler1, Kathleen M Preble2, Andrea N Cimino3

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Summary

Street-based sex work diversion programs in Baltimore did not significantly reduce prostitution rearrest rates. A history of prior arrest was a key predictor of rearrest, suggesting substantial barriers to exiting sex work.

Keywords:
diversion courtprostitutionrecidivismsex worksurvival analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Street-based sex work is criminalized across the U.S., with diversion programs showing inconsistent outcomes.
  • Understanding the effectiveness of interventions for individuals involved in prostitution is crucial for public health and criminal justice reform.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of a prostitution diversion program on rearrest rates for street-based sex work.
  • To compare rearrest outcomes between individuals participating in a diversion program and a waitlist control group.

Main Methods:

  • A quasi-experimental design was used with 226 individuals arrested for prostitution in Baltimore.
  • The study compared a prostitution diversion program group (n=149) with a waitlist control group (n=77).
  • Rearrest for prostitution over 30 months was tracked, and a Cox proportional hazard model analyzed survival time to rearrest.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in prostitution rearrest rates was found between the intervention and control groups over 30 months (64 individuals, 28.32%, were rearrested in both).
  • A history of prior prostitution arrest was a significant predictor of rearrest (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.12, p = .02).
  • Gender was the only significant difference identified between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • The prostitution diversion program did not significantly decrease prostitution arrests, indicating substantial barriers to exiting sex work.
  • Diversion programs may not be universally effective, suggesting a need for further research into motivators and barriers for exiting prostitution.
  • Future research should focus on identifying factors that facilitate exiting prostitution and reducing associated barriers.