Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Movement Observation in Cerebral Palsy
Published on: August 9, 2024
Augmented Biofeedback Training with Physical Therapy Improves Visual-Motor Integration, Visual Perception, and Motor
Reem M Alwhaibi1, Reham S Alsakhawi1,2, Safaa M ElKholi1,2
1Rehabilitation Sciences Department, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of combining augmented biofeedback training and standard therapy for improving visual-motor integration (VMI), visual perception (VP), and motor coordination (MC) in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).Methods: Participants were 45 children, 5-8 years of age, with spastic hemiplegic CP. They were randomized into three groups: group A followed a 3-month specially designed program physical therapy intervention to facilitate VMI and VP. Group B received augmented biofeedback training. Group C received augmented biofeedback training and the physical therapy program provided to group A. The treatment sessions lasted 60 min, three times a week for three months. The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of VMI and its supplemental tests were used to evaluate the children before and after the program.Results: After a 3-month treatment, standard scores and age equivalent scores for VMI, VP, and MC were significantly higher in group C compared with group A.Conclusion: The combination of augmented biofeedback and physical therapy could be used to improve VMI, VP, and MC in children with spastic hemiplegic CP.
Related Concept Videos
Hierarchy of Motor Control
Motor Units
Motor Units
Motor units come in different sizes, with smaller units...
Motor Unit Stimulation
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
Direct Motor Pathways
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....

