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Genetic Variation of the Vitamin D Binding Protein Affects Vitamin D Status and Response to Supplementation in
Maria Enlund-Cerullo1,2,3, Laura Koljonen2,3, Elisa Holmlund-Suila1,3
1Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Context:
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the vitamin D binding protein encoding the GC (group component) gene affect 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations, but their influence on vitamin D status and response to vitamin D supplementation in infants is unknown.
Objective:
To study GC genotype-related differences in 25OHD concentrations and the response to supplementation during a vitamin D intervention study in infants.
Design:
In this randomized controlled trial, healthy term infants received vitamin D3 (10 or 30 μg/d) from 2 weeks to 24 months of age. GC SNPs rs2282679, rs4588, rs7041, and rs1155563 were genotyped. rs4588/7041 diplotype and haplotypes of rs2282679, rs4588, and rs7041 (Haplo3SNP) and of all four SNPs (Haplo4SNP) were determined.
Main Outcome Measures:
25OHD measured in cord blood at birth and at 12 and 24 months during intervention.
Results:
A total of 913 infants were included. Minor allele homozygosity of all studied GC SNPs, their combined haplotypes, and rs4588/rs7041 diplotype 2/2 were associated with lower 25OHD concentrations at all time points in one or both intervention groups [analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) P < 0.043], with the exception of rs7041, which did not affect 25OHD at birth. In the high-dose supplementation group receiving 30 μg/d vitamin D3, but not in those receiving 10 µg/d, genotype of rs2282679, rs4588, and rs7041; diplotype; and Haplo3SNP significantly affected intervention response (repeated measurement ANCOVA Pinteraction < 0.019). Minor allele homozygotes had lower 25OHD concentrations and smaller increases in 25OHD throughout the intervention.
Conclusions:
In infants, vitamin D binding protein genotype affects 25OHD concentration and efficiency of high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation.
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