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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Nuclear Quantum Effects in Hydrophobic Nanoconfinement.

Buddha Ratna Shrestha1, Sreekiran Pillai1, Adriano Santana1

  • 1King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
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Nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) significantly impact water

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Nuclear quantum effects (NQEs), including proton delocalization and zero-point energy (ZPE), influence water properties at normal temperatures.
  • The impact of NQEs on water interfaces with hydrophobic media remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and reveal the existence and signature of NQEs modulating hydrophobic surface forces at normal temperature and pressure (NTP).

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurements of hydrophobic forces between perfluorinated surfaces in nanoconfinement using H2O and D2O.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of observed forces.

Main Results:

  • Hydrophobic forces between perfluorinated surfaces in nanoconfinement were approximately 10% higher in H2O than in D2O at NTP.
  • Contact angles for H2O and D2O on these surfaces were indistinguishable, despite the force difference.
  • Simulations indicated that ZPE destabilizes interfacial water librational motions more significantly in H2O than D2O.

Conclusions:

  • NQEs demonstrably modulate hydrophobic surface forces at NTP.
  • Zero-point energy plays a crucial role in the quantum effects observed at water-hydrophobic interfaces.