Size effects in the resistivity of graphene nanoribbons

The electrical resistivity of single-layer graphene nanoribbons has been studied experimentally for ribbon widths from 16 to 320 nm and is shown to validate the expected quantum scattering model for conduction through confined graphene structures. The experimental findings are that the resistivity follows a more dramatic trend than that seen for metallic nanowires of similar dimensions, due to a combination of the nature of the charge carriers in this 2D material, surface scattering from the edges, bandgap related effects and shifts in the Fermi level due to edge effects. We show that the charge neutrality point switches polarity below a ribbon width of around 50 nm, and that at this point, the thermal coefficient of resistance is a maximum. The majority doping type therefore can be controlled by altering ribbon width below 100 nm. We also demonstrate that an alumina passivation layer has a significant effect on the mean free path of the charge carriers within the graphene, which can be probed directly via measurements of the width-dependent resistivity.