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Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base02:28

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base

33.8K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a strong base NaOH. The pH at different volumes of added base solution can be calculated as follows:
(a) Titrant volume = 0 mL. The solution pH is due to the acid ionization of HCl. Because this is a strong acid, the ionization is complete and the hydronium ion molarity is 0.100 M. The pH of the solution is then:
33.8K
Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

35.3K
A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
35.3K
Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base01:23

Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base

10.1K
During the titration of a strong acid with a strong base, pH calculations are primarily based on the concentration of residual hydronium or hydroxide ions. Initially, a strong acid like hydrochloric acid fully dissociates, creating hydronium and chloride ions, resulting in a low pH. The addition of a strong base like sodium hydroxide alters the concentration of hydronium ions by neutralizing them. As more base is added, the pH gradually increases. At the equivalence point, all hydronium ions...
10.1K
Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

89.7K
Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
A mixture is composed of two or...
89.7K
Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base03:55

Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base

49.1K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
49.1K
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

14.7K
Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
14.7K

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Author Spotlight: Designing Sustainable Nanomaterials for Advancing Synthesis and Element Mixing
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Strong stress-composition coupling in lithium alloy nanoparticles.

Hyeon Kook Seo1, Jae Yeol Park1, Joon Ha Chang1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.

Nature Communications
|August 2, 2019
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Summary

Stress significantly impacts lithium binary alloys during electrochemical reactions. We discovered that stress directly controls lithium distribution in tin-tin oxide nanoparticles, enabling directional control for battery applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Electrochemical reactions induce stress in electrodes, affecting their performance.
  • Understanding stress effects is crucial for developing advanced energy storage materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between stress and composition in lithium binary alloys during lithiation.
  • To demonstrate the ability to control lithium distribution using applied stress.

Main Methods:

  • In situ graphene liquid cell electron microscopy for real-time imaging.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for stress modeling.

Main Results:

  • Observed non-uniform composition fields in tin-tin oxide nanoparticles during lithiation.
  • Quantified the proportionality between stress and composition gradient.
  • Demonstrated directional control of lithium distribution via applied stress.

Conclusions:

  • Established a strong stress-composition coupling in lithium binary alloys.
  • Highlighted the potential for stress engineering in lithium alloy nanoparticles for battery applications.