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Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

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Maximized electron interactions at the magic angle in twisted bilayer graphene.

Alexander Kerelsky¹, Leo J McGilly¹, Dante M Kennes²

¹Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

|August 2, 2019

Summary

Researchers mapped twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) near its magic angle. They discovered optimal conditions for superconductivity and correlated insulating phases, revealing insights into electronic properties and nematic order.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Quantum Materials

Background:

Moiré superlattices in twisted van der Waals heterostructures significantly alter electronic properties.
Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) near the magic angle exhibits superconductivity and correlated insulating phases, similar to high-transition-temperature superconductors.

Purpose of the Study:

To directly map the atomic-scale structural and electronic properties of TBG near the magic angle.
To understand the relationship between moiré potential, band structure, and correlated electronic phenomena in TBG.

Main Methods:

Utilized scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) to probe TBG at the atomic scale.
Employed a Hartree-Fock model to analyze doping-dependent and angle-dependent spectroscopy data.
Extracted on-site and nearest-neighbor Coulomb interactions to determine the correlation strength (U/t).

Main Results:

Observed two distinct van Hove singularities (VHSs) with energy separations sensitive to doping and twist angle.
Found that the ratio of Coulomb interaction to bandwidth (U/t) is maximized at the magic angle, favoring Cooper pairing.
Identified a correlation-induced gap splitting the conduction VHS, with maximum size at 1.15 degrees.
Revealed energy- and doping-dependent three-fold rotational symmetry breaking, indicating nematic susceptibility or order.

Conclusions:

Magic-angle TBG is a moderately correlated material (U/t ~ 1) with electronic properties tunable by twist angle and doping.
The observed phenomena, including VHSs, correlation gaps, and symmetry breaking, are crucial for understanding superconductivity in TBG.
Results suggest a strong link between electronic nematicity and superconductivity in TBG within specific phase diagram regions.