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Related Concept Videos

RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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RNA Structure01:23

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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RNA Splicing01:32

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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RNA Editing02:23

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Using Synthetic Biology to Engineer Living Cells That Interface with Programmable Materials
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Using Synthetic Biology to Engineer Living Cells That Interface with Programmable Materials

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Programmable RNA manipulation in living cells.

Yu Pei1, Mingxing Lu2

  • 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|August 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New RNA-targeting tools like CRISPR-Cas systems and programmable RNA-binding proteins offer unprecedented control over gene expression. These technologies enable precise manipulation of RNA, advancing molecular biology research.

Keywords:
APEX2CRISPRCas13Cas9PPRPUFRNA-binding proteinsbioID

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • RNA molecules are central to genetic information flow, regulating processes like splicing, modification, and translation.
  • Current biological tools for programmable RNA manipulation are limited, hindering in-depth study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in RNA-targeting systems.
  • To highlight tools enabling programmable, transcript-specific gene expression control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on RNA-targeting technologies.
  • Focus on CRISPR-based systems (Cas9, Cas13) and programmable RNA-binding proteins (PUF, PPR).

Main Results:

  • Identification and summary of emerging RNA-targeting systems.
  • Demonstration of transcript-specific manipulation capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in RNA-targeting technologies provide powerful new methods for molecular research.
  • These tools facilitate precise control over gene expression at the RNA level.