Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Exfoliation of Egyptian Blue and Han Blue, Two Alkali Earth Copper Silicate-based Pigments
Published on: April 24, 2014
The efficacy of different irrigation protocols in removing tricalcium silicate-based sealers from simulated root
Nidambur Vasudev Ballal1, Özgür İlke Ulusoy2, Sheetal Rao1
1Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different irrigation protocols in removing two tricalcium silicate-based sealers from simulated root canal irregularities and root canal walls.
Material And Methods:
Root canals of 140 single-rooted teeth were instrumented. In one-half of each root, an apical groove was created. The samples were divided into two main groups (n = 70) based on the sealer used. In group 1, the grooves were filled with MTA Fillapex; in group 2, BioRoot RCS. The reassembled root halves were divided into six experimental and one control groups: 2.5% NaOCl-17% EDTA (Passive ultrasonic irrigation [PUI]), 5% NaOCl/9% DualRinse HEDP (PUI), 2.5% NaOCl-7% Maleic acid (PUI), 2.5% NaOCl-17% EDTA (Er:YAG laser activated irrigation [LAI]), 2.5% NaOCl/9% DualRinse HEDP (LAI), 2.5% NaOCl-7% Maleic acid (LAI), Distilled water (Control). Specimens were scored using SEM. The data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests.
Results:
Maleic acid and DualRinse HEDP removed higher amounts of MTA Fillapex from the grooves compared to EDTA, when used with both activation methods (p < .001).
Conclusions:
Ultrasonically activated maleic acid or DualRinse HEDP can be an effective irrigation regimen in removing tricalcium silicate-based sealers.
Related Concept Videos
Areas Within Irregular Boundaries
Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel
Self-Efficacy
Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots
Root Mean Square
For example, consider the velocity of gas molecules in a container. The gas molecules are moving in different directions, which might impart positive and negative...
Root-Locus Method
This system can be represented by a block...

