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Hierarchically Porous Co-N-C Cathode Catalyst Layers for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.

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Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) create advanced metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts for fuel cells. Optimizing catalyst layer microstructure significantly boosts performance, comparable to platinum catalysts.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Conversion

Background:

  • Metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) materials, including zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), are promising electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR).
  • These materials are investigated as alternatives to platinum-based catalysts in anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs).
  • The catalyst layer (CL) microstructure critically influences fuel cell performance, necessitating detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structure-performance relationship of ZIF-derived catalysts within a catalyst layer.
  • To optimize the catalyst layer's hierarchical porosity for enhanced triple-phase boundary (TPB) and mass transfer.
  • To develop a ZIF-based catalyst as a viable substitute for commercial platinum catalysts in AEMFCs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a Co-based ZIF material incorporating carbon black (CB) to form a hierarchically porous catalyst layer (ZIF-CB-700).
  • Electrochemical evaluation of ZIF-CB-700 as a cathode catalyst in AEMFCs.
  • Comparison of fuel cell performance with catalysts synthesized with and without CB, and with commercial Pt/C catalysts.
  • Online and offline measurements to analyze CL morphology and microstructure.

Main Results:

  • The ZIF-CB-700 catalyst achieved a power density of 95.4 mW cm⁻² at 40°C, approximately four times higher than ZIF catalysts without CB.
  • The performance of ZIF-CB-700 is comparable to commercial 60% Pt/C (112.0 mW cm⁻²).
  • Catalyst layer morphology and microstructure were identified as dominant factors for fuel cell performance, surpassing intrinsic catalyst activity.

Conclusions:

  • Hierarchically porous catalyst layers derived from ZIFs, controlled by carbon black integration, significantly enhance AEMFC performance.
  • Optimizing the catalyst layer's microstructural design is crucial for maximizing the active TPB and improving mass transport.
  • ZIF-derived catalysts offer a competitive alternative to platinum for ORR electrocatalysis in fuel cells.