Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026
07:25
Split Green Fluorescent Protein System to Visualize Effectors Delivered from Bacteria During Infection
Published on: May 24, 2018
11.1K
Two Pantoea agglomerans type III effectors can transform nonpathogenic and phytopathogenic bacteria into
Gal Nissan1,2, Laura Chalupowicz2, Guido Sessa1
1School of Plant Sciences and Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Molecular Plant Pathology
|August 2, 2019
Summary
Pantoea agglomerans evolved into pathogens by acquiring a type III secretion system (T3SS) and effectors (T3Es). Specific T3Es, HsvG and PthG, induced galls on gypsophila, while HsvB and PseB induced galls on beet.
Area of Science:
- Plant pathology
- Bacterial genetics
- Molecular biology
Background:
- Pantoea agglomerans (Pa) has evolved into host-specific pathogens causing galls on gypsophila and beet.
- This pathogenicity is linked to acquiring a plasmid encoding a type III secretion system (T3SS) and effectors (T3Es).
- Specific pathovars, Pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae (Pag) and Pantoea agglomerans pv. betae (Pab), exhibit distinct host specificities and virulence factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the minimal combinations of T3Es sufficient for inducing gall symptoms.
- To investigate the role of specific T3Es in host-specific gall formation.
- To understand the genetic basis of pathogenicity in Pantoea agglomerans.
Main Methods:
- Nonpathogenic and phytopathogenic bacterial strains were transformed with a T3SS-encoding plasmid (pHIR11).
- Transformed strains were further engineered to express individual or paired T3Es: hsvG, hsvB, pthG, and pseB.
- These engineered strains were used to inoculate gypsophila and beet plants to assess gall formation.
Main Results:
- Bacterial strains expressing hsvG and pthG induced galls on gypsophila, regardless of their nonpathogenic or phytopathogenic origin.
- Strains expressing hsvB and pseB induced galls on beet, with the exception of Escherichia coli.
- This indicates that specific T3Es are sufficient to confer host-specific gall-inducing ability.
Conclusions:
- The T3Es HsvG and PthG are sufficient to elicit gall symptoms on gypsophila.
- The T3Es HsvB and PseB are sufficient to elicit gall symptoms on beet.
- These findings highlight the critical role of T3Es in bacterial pathogenicity and host specificity.
Keywords:
Pantoea agglomeranseffectorsgalls formationhost specificityhost-specific transcription activatorstype III secretion systemMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:16Types Of Transformers
1.4K
Transformers can provide desired voltages to a circuit by modifying the number of turns in the secondary windings.
If the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary winding to that of the primary winding is greater than one, then the transformer is said to be a step-up transformer. In a step-up transformer, the voltage at the secondary winding is greater than the voltage applied at the primary winding.
However, if this ratio is less than one, the transformer is said to be a step-down...
If the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary winding to that of the primary winding is greater than one, then the transformer is said to be a step-up transformer. In a step-up transformer, the voltage at the secondary winding is greater than the voltage applied at the primary winding.
However, if this ratio is less than one, the transformer is said to be a step-down...
1.4K
01:33Bacterial Transformation
59.5K
In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...
Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...
59.5K
02:18Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms
30.6K
Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
30.6K
01:30ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps
4.7K
V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
4.7K
01:26Types of Reports III: Telephone and Verbal Reports
993
Telephone and Verbal Reports in healthcare settings are two communication methods for conveying therapeutic instructions from healthcare providers to nurses or other healthcare staff.
Here's an overview of each type:
Telephone Orders
Here's an overview of each type:
Telephone Orders
993
02:11The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition
47.1K
Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
47.1K