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Older adults did not show a positivity effect in emotion perception, contrary to socioemotional selectivity theory. Instead, older individuals perceived crowds as more angry and showed different visual attention patterns than younger adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Aging
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Research on age and emotion perception yields mixed results, with some evidence supporting an age-related positivity effect.
  • Socioemotional selectivity theory predicts older adults favor positive emotional information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in judging emotional crowds using the mood-of-the-crowd (MoC) task.
  • To test the hypothesis that older adults exhibit a bias towards perceiving crowds as happy, consistent with socioemotional selectivity theory.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the mood-of-the-crowd (MoC) task with 76 participants across three age groups (young, middle-aged, old).
  • Analyzed accuracy, response times, and gaze movements to assess emotion perception biases.
  • Participants decided if arrays of faces contained more happy or angry expressions.

Main Results:

  • Contrary to predictions, older participants more frequently judged emotional crowds as angry compared to younger participants.
  • Younger adults showed longer fixations on happy faces than angry faces, a difference absent in older adults.
  • No age-related positivity effect was observed in judging the emotionality of crowds.

Conclusions:

  • Findings challenge the socioemotional selectivity theory's prediction of an age-related positivity effect in this context.
  • Potential explanations for the observed results include age-related decline in inhibitory processing and increased task cognitive demands.
  • Age influences emotion perception in crowds, but not in the direction predicted by positivity theories.