Range contraction of snow leopard (Panthera uncia)

Area of Science:

• Conservation Biology
• Spatial Ecology
• Mammalogy

Background:

• The Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) is native to Central and South Asian mountain ranges, occurring at high elevations (3,000-4,500 m).
• The species is listed as "Endangered" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), with reported population declines.
• Habitat loss and fragmentation are significant threats to Snow Leopard survival.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the historical and current distribution ranges of the Snow Leopard using spatial analysis.
• To quantify the extent of range contraction and its impact on protected areas.

Main Methods:

• Utilized Quantum Geographical Information System (QGIS) software for spatial analysis.
• Reconstructed and quantified past distribution range.
• Compared past distribution with current distribution data.

Main Results:

• The Snow Leopard's historical distribution covered approximately 10.47 million km2.
• The current distribution range has contracted to approximately 3.20 million km2, a reduction of about 69%.
• The number of protected areas supporting Snow Leopards has decreased from 719 to 311.

Conclusions:

• Significant range contraction poses a severe threat to Snow Leopard populations.
• Urgent and intensified conservation efforts are crucial to preserve the remaining habitat.
• The study highlights the need for effective management of protected areas for Snow Leopard conservation.