Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

47.7K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
47.7K
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

31.5K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
31.5K
Polymers02:34

Polymers

40.5K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
40.5K
Conductors and Insulators01:19

Conductors and Insulators

10.6K
Some materials may easily let electrical charges pass through them, while others obstruct their flow. The former are called conductors and the latter insulators. The atomic structures of materials determine whether they are conductors or insulators of electricity.
Most metals are conductors. Their atomic configuration is such that one or more electron(s) are loosely bound to the nucleus in each atom. Thus, a sea of mobile electrons are available in them, known as free electrons. Their easy...
10.6K
Charge on a Conductor01:26

Charge on a Conductor

5.3K
An interesting property of a conductor in static equilibrium is that extra charges on the conductor end up on its outer surface, regardless of where they originate. Consider a hollow metallic conductor with a uniform surface charge density. Since the conductor itself is in electrostatic equilibrium, there should not be any electric field inside the conductor. Now, assume a Gaussian surface enclosing the hollow portion. Applying Gauss's law, the inner surface of the hollow conductor will not...
5.3K
Electric Field Inside a Conductor01:20

Electric Field Inside a Conductor

7.3K
When a conductor is placed in an external electric field, the free charges in the conductor redistribute and very quickly reach electrostatic equilibrium. The resulting charge distribution and its electric field have many interesting properties, which can be investigated with the help of Gauss's law.
Suppose a piece of metal is placed near a positive charge. The free electrons in the metal are attracted to the external positive charge and migrate freely toward that region. This region then...
7.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

From Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis to ENaC Channelopathy: A Novel SCNN1G Mutation.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same author

Photoperiod-dependent protein and lipid biosynthesis in Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa cultivated using food waste hydrolysate.

Journal of environmental management·2026
Same author

Premature Atrial Contractions Originating from the Inferior Vena Cava: A Rare Arrhythmogenic Source Amenable to Ablation.

Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia·2026
Same author

In Vitro Activity of Cefiderocol Against Clinically Relevant Gram-Negative Bacilli Collected in China in 2023.

Journal of global antimicrobial resistance·2026
Same author

A 20-year bibliometric analysis on the development trends and hotspots of pectus excavatum research: 2005-2025.

Journal of thoracic disease·2026
Same author

Thrombus Migration After Tenecteplase Versus Alteplase in Acute Large Vessel Occlusion.

Journal of stroke·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
06:34

Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

Published on: September 19, 2020

6.3K

Protic Imidazolium Polymer as Ion Conductor for Improved Oxygen Evolution Performance.

Fangfang Zhang1, Minchen Yang1, Siyi Zhang1

  • 1Hubei Nuclear Solid Key Laboratory, College of Physics and Science Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.

Polymers
|August 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Replacing traditional ionomers with novel protonated imidazolium copolymers enhances oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. This improvement is notable in neutral and basic conditions for devices like water splitters and metal-air batteries.

Keywords:
electrocatalysiselectrodeimidazoliumion conductoroxygen evolution

More Related Videos

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase
12:02

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Published on: May 29, 2008

10.1K
Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance
09:02

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance

Published on: April 27, 2018

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
06:34

Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

Published on: September 19, 2020

6.3K
Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase
12:02

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Published on: May 29, 2008

10.1K
Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance
09:02

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance

Published on: April 27, 2018

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical for electrochemical devices such as water splitting and rechargeable metal-air batteries.
  • Enhancing OER electrocatalytic performance is crucial for the efficiency and viability of these energy technologies.
  • Traditional ionomers like Nafion® are commonly used but may have limitations in certain environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of novel synthesized copolymers as ion conductors and binders on OER performance.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of these new copolymers in improving commercial catalysts (IrO2, Co3O4, Pt-C).
  • To compare the performance enhancement across different pH environments (acidic, neutral, basic).

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of novel copolymers featuring protonated imidazolium moieties.
  • Fabrication of electrodes using these copolymers as binders and ion conductors.
  • Electrocatalytic testing of commercial catalysts (IrO2, Co3O4, Pt-C) with the new copolymers in various pH conditions.

Main Results:

  • The newly synthesized copolymers significantly improved the OER performance of IrO2, Co3O4, and Pt-C catalysts.
  • Performance enhancement was more pronounced in basic and neutral electrochemical environments compared to acidic conditions.
  • The imidazolium-based copolymers effectively function as both ion conductors and binders, facilitating OER.

Conclusions:

  • Protonated imidazolium-based copolymers represent a promising alternative to traditional ionomers for OER electrocatalysts.
  • These novel materials offer enhanced electrocatalytic activity, particularly in non-acidic media.
  • The findings provide a new conceptual design strategy for electrodes in oxygen-involved electrochemical devices.