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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:22

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COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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Chronic kidney disease and the olfactory system.

M Ludivina Robles-Osorio1, Rebeca Corona2, Teresa Morales2

  • 1Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, México.

Nefrologia
|August 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) impairs sense of smell, impacting nutrition. While dialysis doesn't fully restore olfaction, kidney transplantation shows improvement in smell perception for CKD patients.

Keywords:
Chronic kidney diseaseDesnutriciónDisosmiaDysosmiaEnfermedad renal crónicaHaemodialysisHemodiálisisMalnutritionOlfactory receptorsOlfactory systemReceptores olfativosSistema olfatorio

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with olfactory dysfunction, including dysosmia, anosmia, and hyposmia.
  • The underlying causes and clinical impact of smell alterations in CKD patients remain poorly understood.
  • Current treatments for olfactory impairment in CKD are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of olfactory perception changes in patients with chronic kidney disease.
  • To evaluate the effect of different renal replacement therapies (dialysis, transplantation) on olfactory function.
  • To explore the potential consequences of olfactory impairment on nutritional status in CKD.

Main Methods:

  • Olfactory perception was assessed in patients with CKD, including those on peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis, and in kidney transplant recipients.
  • Comparison of olfactory function between different stages of CKD and post-transplantation.

Main Results:

  • Olfactory capacity is generally reduced in CKD patients, irrespective of dialysis status.
  • Both peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis patients exhibit similar olfactory perception defects.
  • Kidney transplantation leads to an improvement in olfactory perception.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is a significant issue in chronic kidney disease patients.
  • Renal transplantation offers a potential avenue for restoring olfactory function in this population.
  • Impaired sense of smell in CKD may negatively affect nutritional status, warranting further investigation.