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Gender in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics: Issues, Causes, Solutions.

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Gender disparities persist in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields despite overall progress. Addressing implicit bias and implementing targeted interventions are crucial for achieving full participation and realizing societal benefits.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Sociology of Science
  • Gender Studies
  • Higher Education

Background:

  • Women have advanced in education and careers, yet significant gender gaps remain in STEM fields.
  • Disparities persist in representation, pay, and recognition across various STEM disciplines and career stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of gender disparities in STEM, exploring their nature, causes, and potential solutions.
  • To highlight the critical role of implicit bias in perpetuating these inequalities.
  • To review current knowledge on interventions for individual and organizational change.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent data on gender gaps in STEM representation, compensation, and recognition.
  • Examination of evidence-based explanations for these disparities, focusing on implicit bias.
  • Synthesis of current research on interventions to address gender bias in STEM.

Main Results:

  • Data reveal persistent gaps in STEM, varying by subfield and career level.
  • Implicit bias, operating outside conscious awareness, is a key factor contributing to gender disparities.
  • Interventions targeting individual beliefs and organizational practices show promise for mitigating bias.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing gender disparities in STEM is essential for equity and for maximizing the potential benefits to STEM fields and society.
  • Implicit bias requires focused research and practical application to overcome.
  • Comprehensive interventions are needed to ensure full participation of all qualified individuals in STEM.