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Trends in urinary calculi composition from 2005 to 2015: a single tertiary center study
Vidit M Talati1, Ricardo M O Soares2, Aziz Khambati1
1Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Northwestern University, 675 N St Clair St, Galter Pavilion, 20th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Urolithiasis
|August 3, 2019
Summary
Patient demographics for kidney stone formation are shifting, with older, more gender-equal populations experiencing increased calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and uric acid (UA) stones. New prevention strategies are needed.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Urology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Urolithiasis remains a significant health concern, necessitating an understanding of evolving stone composition and patient demographics.
- Identifying factors influencing stone formation is crucial for reducing incidence and preventing recurrence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate recent changes in stone composition and patient demographics.
- To identify factors influencing stone formation for improved urolithiasis management.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 5268 stones treated between 2005 and 2015.
- Data retrieved from Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse, including demographic information and stone composition analyses.
- Statistical analysis using Chi-squared tests and logistic regression to assess trends.
Main Results:
- A significant decrease in the male/female ratio (1.8 to 1.08) and an increase in patient age were observed.
- Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) was the predominant stone type (42.2%), with a notable rise in its incidence, especially when mixed with uric acid (UA).
- Females showed higher rates of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) and struvite stones, while carbonate apatite (CA) decreased in both sexes.
Conclusions:
- Stone formers are increasingly older and more gender-equal, with a rise in COM and UA stones.
- The increase in female patients correlates with rising obesity rates.
- The shift towards mixed stones, particularly COM with UA, suggests a need for novel urolithiasis prevention and management strategies.
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