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Role of sleep study in children with Chiari malformation and sleep disordered breathing

Francois Abel1, M Zubair Tahir2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK. Francois.Abel@gosh.nhs.uk.

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
|August 3, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Chiari malformation (CM) frequently causes sleep-disordered breathing. Early diagnosis through sleep studies is crucial for managing CM patients with neurological symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Chiari malformation involves cerebellar herniation through the foramen magnum.
  • This can compress the brainstem and spinal cord, leading to breathing issues.
  • Sleep-disordered breathing, including obstructive and central apneas, is a significant concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of sleep-disordered breathing in Chiari malformation.
  • To discuss diagnostic methods for sleep-disordered breathing in this population.
  • To outline current treatment options for Chiari malformation and associated sleep issues.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review using PubMed and EMBASE.
  • Keywords included "Chiari malformation," "sleep disordered breathing," "obstructive sleep apnea," and "central sleep apnea."
  • Focused on original articles and reviews.

Main Results:

  • Sleep-disordered breathing is highly prevalent in patients with CM1.
  • Neurological symptoms and specific MRI findings are indicators for further investigation.
  • Early diagnosis and management are essential.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians must recognize the high prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in Chiari malformation patients.
  • Prioritizing sleep diagnostic testing is vital for timely intervention.
  • Prompt management can improve outcomes for patients with CM1 and sleep disturbances.
Abstract

Keywords:
Chiari malformationForamen magnum decompressionHindbrain herniationSleep disordered breathing (obstructive/central sleep apnea)Sleep studies

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