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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
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Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...
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Fermentation is a crucial anaerobic metabolic process that enables microbes to derive energy from sugar without relying on oxygen or an electron transport chain. This process is fundamental to various biological and industrial applications and is classified based on the metabolic products generated.Role of Pyruvate in FermentationPyruvate and its derivatives serve as key electron acceptors in fermentative pathways. The oxidation of NADH to regenerate NAD+ is essential for the continuation of...
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Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
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Classification is the process of organizing organisms into hierarchically inclusive groups based on their phenotypic similarities or evolutionary relationships. A species comprises one or more strains, and closely related species are grouped into genera. Genera are further classified into families, families into orders, orders into classes, and so forth, up to the domain level, which is the broadest taxonomic rank derived from a combination of phenotypic and genotypic data.The nomenclature of...
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Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
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Oral microbial biofilms: an update.

Seyed Ali Mosaddad1, Elahe Tahmasebi1, Alireza Yazdanian2

  • 1Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
|August 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Dental caries, or tooth decay, results from shifts in the oral microbiome, driven by microbial biofilms. Personalized prevention strategies are key due to individual microbiome variations.

Keywords:
BiofilmsDental cariesHuman oral microbialPeriodontal

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oral Health
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The human oral cavity harbors a complex microbiome crucial for health.
  • Imbalances in this microbiome, particularly the rise of cariogenic microorganisms, lead to dental caries (tooth decay) and periodontal disease.
  • Oral microbiome composition varies significantly between individuals due to genetic and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the role of microbial biofilms in dental caries.
  • To highlight the distinct nature of individual oral microbiomes and its implications for disease.
  • To emphasize the need for personalized approaches in dental caries prevention and management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles.
  • Analysis of factors influencing oral microbiome composition.
  • Discussion of microbial biofilm formation and its role in dental caries.

Main Results:

  • Dental caries is caused by specific microbial biofilms within the oral cavity.
  • Individual oral microbiomes are unique, necessitating tailored prevention strategies.
  • Advanced molecular techniques have identified novel cariogenic microorganisms.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the biological processes of dental caries, particularly microbial biofilms, is essential for effective treatment.
  • Personalized risk assessment and prevention are crucial for managing dental caries.
  • Future dental care should focus on targeting the biological causes of decay rather than just the consequences.