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Published on: September 27, 2024
Consumption of Very Low Mineral Water Is Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Content in Children
Yujing Huang1, Xiangyu Ma2, Yao Tan1
1Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
Insights
Consuming very low mineral water may negatively impact children's bone health and growth. This water was linked to reduced bone mineral content and height, alongside increased bone resorption, highlighting potential health risks.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nutrition
- Bone Biology
- Public Health
Background:
- Previous research indicated very low mineral drinking water may hinder schoolchildren's height development.
- The specific impact of such water on bone modeling processes in children was previously unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of very low mineral water consumption on bone modeling biomarkers in children.
- To assess the association between drinking water mineral content and indicators of bone health.
Main Methods:
- A 4-year retrospective cohort study compared children aged 10-13 consuming normal mineral water (NW) versus very low mineral water (VLW).
- Evaluated differences in daily mineral intake, growth parameters, and serum biomarkers for osteoblast activity, bone formation, and resorption.
- Utilized independent t-tests, chi-square tests, multiple linear regression, and binary logistic regression for analysis.
Main Results:
- The VLW group exhibited lower daily calcium intake, reduced height increase, and decreased bone mineral content (BMC) compared to the NW group.
- VLW consumption was associated with lower osteoblast activity (serum bone alkaline phosphatase - BALP) and higher bone resorption (serum CTX).
- Calcium intake from drinking water positively correlated with height increase, BMC, and BALP, while negatively correlating with CTX.
Conclusions:
- Very low mineral water consumption may lead to osteoblast inhibition, increased bone resorption, reduced bone mineral density, and retarded growth in children.
- The potential health risks associated with very low mineral water intake in pediatric populations warrant consideration.
Background:
Our previous study found that consumption of very low mineral drinking water may retard height development in schoolchildren; however, its association with bone modeling remained unknown.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of very low mineral water on biomarkers of bone modeling in children.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 2 groups of 10-13-y-old children who had consumed drinking water with normal mineral contents (conductivity 345 μs/cm, the NW group including 119 boys and 110 girls) or very low mineral contents (conductivity 40.0 μs/cm, the VLW group including 223 boys and 208 girls) in school for 4 y. Differences in daily total mineral intakes, developmental parameters, serum biomarkers of osteoblast activity, and bone formation and resorption between the 2 groups were analyzed with independent t test and chi-square test. Associations of developmental parameters and serum biomarkers with Ca intake from drinking water were analyzed with multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression.
Results:
Compared with the NW group, the VLW group had lower daily Ca intake, height increase, bone mineral content (BMC), osteoblast activity [serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP)] (means ± SDs: 433 ± 131 mg, 16.6 ± 8.27 cm, 1.92 ± 0.431 kg, and 9.28 ± 1.42 μg/L compared with 497 ± 155 mg, 22.3 ± 8.45 cm, 2.14 ± 0.354 kg, and 11.0 ± 0.823 μg/L, respectively, P < 0.001), and higher bone resorption [serum crosslinked C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), mean ± SD: 142 ± 46.9 nmol/L compared with 130 ± 40.6 nmol/L, P = 0.001). Ca intake from drinking water was positively associated with height increase, BMC, and BALP (β: 0.0667, 95% CI: 0.0540, 0.0793; β: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.37, 4.08; and β: 23.9, 95% CI: 20.6, 27.2), respectively, P < 0.001), and was negatively associated with CTX (β: -0.206, 95% CI:-0.321, -0.0904, P < 0.001).
Conclusions:
These changes suggested that consumption of very low mineral water may be associated with osteoblast inhibition, bone resorption activation, bone mineral reduction, and height development retardation. The health risk of consuming very low mineral water should be considered in children.
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