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Histovariability in human clavicular cortical bone microstructure and its mechanical implications.

Matthew A Crane1, Kyle M Kato1, Biren A Patel2,3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Journal of Anatomy
|August 3, 2019
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Summary

The collarbone

Keywords:
Haversian densitybone histologyclaviclecollagen fiber orientationcross-sectional geometryfracture

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics
  • Skeletal Biology

Background:

  • The human clavicle (collarbone) exhibits unique S-shaped curvature and individual macrostructural variability.
  • Complex upper limb movements and musculoskeletal arrangements lead to incomplete understanding of clavicle biomechanics and mechanical loadings.
  • Bone remodeling responds to stress, and Haversian bone's histologic organization may reflect adaptation to force distributions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Haversian density and collagen fiber orientation in the clavicle midshaft compared to sternal and acromial regions.
  • To determine if the clavicle midshaft exhibits unique adaptations to atypical load-bearing.
  • To test the hypothesis that cortical bone structure shows disparities in Haversian remodeling and collagen fiber orientation at the midshaft, correlating with higher fracture risk.

Main Methods:

  • Sampling of human clavicles (n=16) via thin-sections at sternal, middle, and acromial ends.
  • Analysis of Haversian density, collagen fiber orientation using circularly polarized light microscopy, and cross-sectional geometry.
  • Paired sample t-tests to evaluate within-individual differences in microstructural and geometric properties.

Main Results:

  • Haversian remodeling was found to be slightly but significantly reduced in the clavicle's middle region.
  • Collagen fiber orientation was nonrandom, overbuilt for tension or torsion but poorly optimized for compression throughout the clavicle.
  • Geometric properties confirmed existing research on clavicle macrostructure, with mediolateral shape changes potentially linked to minor Haversian density shifts.

Conclusions:

  • Clavicle matrix organization is primarily adapted for resisting tensile strains or torsion, not compression.
  • The poor optimization for compressive loads may be a significant factor in clavicle fracture risk under atypical compression.
  • While shape changes occur, the primary adaptation is matrix organization for tensile/torsional loads, with reduced Haversian density at the midshaft.