Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

16.3K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
16.3K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

5.4K
5.4K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

25.8K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
25.8K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

3.9K
3.9K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.3K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.3K
Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

74.3K
Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
74.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A prolactin-receptive neural circuit drives maternal interactions with pups in mice.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Adaptation of hypothalamic CRH neuron responses to stress and pup cues during motherhood.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Secretogranin II-derived peptide secretoneurin differentially stimulates luteinizing hormone secretion by age and sex in ex vivo murine pituitaries†.

Biology of reproduction·2026
Same author

Functional rescue and AI analysis of a human inactivating GPCR mutation using a small molecule.

EMBO molecular medicine·2026
Same author

Distinct macronutrient ratios optimize offspring survival, growth, and maternal glucose tolerance across mouse reproduction.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Leukocytic ADAM10 and ADAM17 modulate disease severity and systemic outcome in bacterial and viral pneumonia.

The European respiratory journal·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: Membrane Protein Reconstitution in Synthetic Cells
07:14

Author Spotlight: Membrane Protein Reconstitution in Synthetic Cells

Published on: March 8, 2024

1.7K

Widespread Cell-Specific Prolactin Receptor Expression in Multiple Murine Organs.

Mari Aoki1, Philipp Wartenberg1, Ramona Grünewald1

  • 1Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany.

Endocrinology
|August 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new prolactin receptor (Prlr) reporter mouse to map Prlr expression in single cells across 38 organs. This tool aids in understanding Prlr

More Related Videos

Isolation of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages to Carry Out Gene Expression Analysis Upon Toll-like Receptors Stimulation
08:21

Isolation of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages to Carry Out Gene Expression Analysis Upon Toll-like Receptors Stimulation

Published on: April 29, 2015

38.0K
Assaying Surface Expression of Chemosensory Receptors in Heterologous Cells
04:55

Assaying Surface Expression of Chemosensory Receptors in Heterologous Cells

Published on: February 23, 2011

11.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: Membrane Protein Reconstitution in Synthetic Cells
07:14

Author Spotlight: Membrane Protein Reconstitution in Synthetic Cells

Published on: March 8, 2024

1.7K
Isolation of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages to Carry Out Gene Expression Analysis Upon Toll-like Receptors Stimulation
08:21

Isolation of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages to Carry Out Gene Expression Analysis Upon Toll-like Receptors Stimulation

Published on: April 29, 2015

38.0K
Assaying Surface Expression of Chemosensory Receptors in Heterologous Cells
04:55

Assaying Surface Expression of Chemosensory Receptors in Heterologous Cells

Published on: February 23, 2011

11.3K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The prolactin receptor (Prlr) mediates critical hormonal signals, including prolactin and placental lactogens.
  • Understanding Prlr's precise cellular distribution is vital, but conventional detection methods are challenging.
  • Specific Prlr expression patterns remain undefined in many tissues, hindering functional studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for visualizing Prlr expression at single-cell resolution.
  • To map the anatomical distribution of Prlr-expressing cells in various murine organs.
  • To provide a valuable resource for future research on Prlr's functional roles.

Main Methods:

  • Generated a knock-in mouse model expressing Cre recombinase with the long Prlr isoform.
  • Utilized a Cre-dependent reporter mouse strain (expressing τ-green fluorescent protein) for genetic labeling.
  • Analyzed the anatomical distribution of fluorescently labeled cells in 38 organs from male and female mice.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated and characterized Prlr reporter mice.
  • Detailed the anatomical distribution of Prlr-expressing cells across 38 different organs.
  • Identified cells with both acute and transient Prlr expression during development.

Conclusions:

  • The Prlr reporter mouse strain enables high-resolution mapping of Prlr expression.
  • This study provides a comprehensive atlas of Prlr cellular localization in multiple tissues.
  • The established resource will facilitate functional investigations into the prolactin receptor's roles in diverse physiological processes.