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    This study introduces a smart cup and robotic system for independent drinking for individuals with disabilities. The vision-based control enables contactless cup approach and force-sensor drinking, showing high user acceptance and system reliability.

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    Area of Science:

    • Robotics
    • Assistive Technology
    • Human-Robot Interaction

    Background:

    • Activities of Daily Living (ADL) require significant caregiver assistance for individuals with severe disabilities like tetraplegia.
    • Traditional control interfaces are inaccessible for users with paralysis, limiting independence in tasks such as drinking.
    • Independent drinking is a high-priority task crucial for quality of life and autonomy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a robotic system enabling independent, straw-less drinking for individuals with severe physical disabilities.
    • To create a user-friendly, vision-based control system for assistive robots that does not require physically attached user interfaces.
    • To assess the usability, reliability, and user acceptance of the smart cup system.

    Main Methods:

    • A smart cup system was developed with vision-based head pose estimation for contactless cup approach.
    • A force sensor-based control setup was implemented for drinking initiation upon cup contact.
    • Two experimental studies were conducted with able-bodied and tetraplegic participants to evaluate system performance and user experience.

    Main Results:

    • High user acceptance rates and consistently positive feedback were reported across participants.
    • Internal data demonstrated high reliability of safety-critical system components.
    • Participants perceived the assistive robotic system as intuitive and easy to use.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed smart cup and robotic system offers a promising solution for enabling independent drinking in individuals with severe disabilities.
    • The vision-based and force-sensor control strategy proved effective and user-friendly.
    • Further research and development can enhance the autonomy and applicability of assistive robots in daily life activities.