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Clinical neuroprosthetics: Today and tomorrow
Morgan B Lee1, Daniel R Kramer1, Terrance Peng1
1Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Summary
Implantable neurostimulation devices, or brain-computer interfaces (BCI), are established neurosurgical treatments for neurological disorders. Advances focus on closed-loop systems for personalized therapy and restoring function.
Area of Science:
- Neurosurgery
- Biomedical Engineering
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Implantable neurostimulation devices directly interface with the nervous system, functioning as brain-computer interfaces (BCI).
- BCI are integral to current neurosurgical practice, offering standard care for challenging neurological conditions.
- Existing clinical BCI include Vagus Nerve Stimulation, Responsive Neurostimulation, and Deep Brain Stimulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the established role of clinical brain-computer interfaces (BCI) in neurosurgery.
- To discuss the evolution of BCI towards closed-loop systems for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
- To connect advancements in clinical BCI with research aimed at restoring motor and sensory functions.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing clinical applications of neurostimulation devices.
- Analysis of recent developments in closed-loop BCI systems.
- Correlation of clinical BCI success with ongoing research in functional restoration.
Main Results:
- Clinical BCI are currently utilized for treating various neurological disorders.
- Closed-loop systems represent a significant advancement, enabling individualized therapy through biomarker feedback.
- Progress in clinical BCI supports research endeavors to restore motor and sensory functions.
Conclusions:
- Brain-computer interfaces are a reality in neurosurgical practice, not just science fiction.
- Closed-loop BCI systems offer personalized and optimized therapeutic interventions.
- The success of current BCI validates and drives research for advanced functional restoration.
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