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Related Concept Videos

Subliminal Perception01:15

Subliminal Perception

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Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
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Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Extrasensory perception, or ESP, suggests the ability to perceive events beyond the conventional senses of sight, hearing, and touch. Parapsychologists, who research ESP and related psychic phenomena, categorize ESP into three main types: precognition, telepathy, and clairvoyance.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
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The Learning Environment in Surgery Clerkship: What are Faculty Perceptions?

Manuel Castillo-Angeles1, Rodrigo Calvillo-Ortiz1, Courtney Barrows1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.

Journal of Surgical Education
|August 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Surgical faculty perceive curriculum conflicts and unmet expectations as key factors negatively impacting the medical student learning environment (LE). Many faculty are unaware of mistreatment policies, highlighting a need for improved faculty education on fostering a positive LE.

Keywords:
Attending physiciansInterpersonal and Communication SkillsLearning environmentMistreatmentPerceptionsPractice-Based Learning and ImprovementProfessionalism

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Education
  • Learning Environment

Background:

  • Improving the medical student learning environment (LE) is crucial for effective teaching.
  • Prior research has not adequately explored attending physicians' perceptions of mistreatment or their role in shaping the LE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess surgical faculty's perceptions and role in the medical student LE.
  • To identify factors contributing to a positive or negative LE from the faculty perspective.

Main Methods:

  • Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 surgical faculty members.
  • A purposive-stratified criterion-based sampling method was used for participant selection.
  • Content analysis of transcribed interviews identified emergent themes.

Main Results:

  • Competing demands on student time and conflicting faculty expectations negatively impact the LE.
  • Faculty expressed concerns about providing feedback and were largely unfamiliar with LE/mistreatment policies.
  • Highly motivated medical students enhance educational interactions, irrespective of specialty.

Conclusions:

  • Mismatched expectations and curriculum conflicts are primary drivers of a negative LE.
  • Faculty require enhanced awareness and training regarding LE/mistreatment policies and effective teaching strategies.
  • Targeted faculty development is essential for cultivating a positive medical student learning environment.