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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Stable molecules exist because covalent bonds hold the atoms together. The strength of a covalent bond is measured by the energy required to break it, that is, the energy necessary to separate the bonded atoms. Separating any pair of bonded atoms requires energy — the stronger a bond, the greater the energy required to break it.
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A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...
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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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The entropic bond in colloidal crystals.

Eric S Harper1, Greg van Anders2,3, Sharon C Glotzer4,2,3,5

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists discovered "entropic bonds" in crowded systems, demonstrating that entropy alone can create bonding features similar to chemical bonds. This finding could redefine supramolecular descriptions at nanoscale and microscale levels.

Keywords:
bondingcolloidsentropyself-assemblysoft matter

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Conventional chemical bonding explains many natural phenomena via electron rearrangement.
  • Exploring non-electronic mediation for bonding features is a frontier in supramolecular chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if entropy-driven interactions in crowded systems can mimic chemical bonding.
  • To introduce and characterize the concept of "entropic bonds".

Main Methods:

  • Development of a minimal model for crowded hard-particle systems.
  • Quantitative characterization of bonding features in these systems.
  • Comparison of entropic bond features with conventional chemical bonds.

Main Results:

  • Crowded hard-particle systems solely governed by entropy exhibit hallmark bonding features.
  • These entropic bonds show a nearly equivalent tradeoff with chemical bonds in colloidal crystallization.
  • The study quantitatively characterizes these entropic bonding features.

Conclusions:

  • The existence of "entropic bonds" is supported, broadening the understanding of bonding beyond electronic interactions.
  • Entropic bonds offer a new framework for supramolecular descriptions at nano- and microscales.
  • This classification has practical implications, as shown in colloidal crystallization of nanoplates.