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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
Published on: October 11, 2010
Neural indices of listening effort in noisy environments
Andrew Dimitrijevic1,2,3, Michael L Smith4,5, Darren S Kadis6,7,8
1Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. andrew.dimitrijevic@sunnybrook.ca.
Abstract:
Listening in a noisy environment is challenging for individuals with normal hearing and can be a significant burden for those with hearing impairment. The extent to which this burden is alleviated by a hearing device is a major, unresolved issue for rehabilitation. Here, we found adult users of cochlear implants (CIs) self-reported listening effort during a speech-in-noise task that was positively related to alpha oscillatory activity in the left inferior frontal cortex, canonical Broca's area, and inversely related to speech envelope coherence in the 2-5 Hz range originating in the superior-temporal plane encompassing auditory cortex. Left frontal cortex coherence in the 2-5 Hz range also predicted speech-in-noise identification. These data demonstrate that neural oscillations predict both speech perception ability in noise and listening effort.
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