Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis in children: a multicenter case series

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Rheumatology
• Autoinflammatory Diseases
• Bone Metabolism

Background:

• Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare pediatric autoinflammatory bone disease.
• Limited data exists on CNO in Latin America, particularly Chile.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, and histopathology features of pediatric CNO patients in Chile.
• To evaluate treatment responses in this cohort.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of 19 pediatric CNO patients diagnosed between 2007-2019.
• Analysis of clinical records from three tertiary centers in Santiago, Chile.

Main Results:

• Median age of onset was 10 years; 47% were female, with a median diagnostic delay of 12 months.
• All patients exhibited multifocal CNO; 37% had positive antinuclear antibodies, 16% HLA-B27.
• Comorbidities included arthritis (21%), but no association with psoriasis, IBD, or PPP was found.

Conclusions:

• Pediatric CNO in Chile is characterized by multifocal lesions and frequent rheumatologic comorbidities.
• Methotrexate, bisphosphonates, and adalimumab (for arthritis) demonstrated efficacy in achieving remission.