Genes Encoding Proteolytic Enzymes Fungalysin and Subtilisin in Dermatophytes of Human and Animal Origin: A...

Area of Science:

• Mycology
• Medical Microbiology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Dermatophytes are significant human fungal pathogens.
• Virulence mechanisms, including protease secretion, are crucial for dermatophyte infections.
• The genetic basis of dermatophyte virulence requires further characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the presence and distribution of fungalysin (MEP) and subtilisin (SUB) genes in three key dermatophyte species.
• To correlate specific MEP and SUB genes with different dermatophyte species and their origins (anthropophilic, zoophilic).
• To compare the prevalence of MEP and SUB genes between clinical human and asymptomatic animal isolates of Microsporum canis.

Main Methods:

• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was employed to detect MEP and SUB genes.
• Analysis included isolates of Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton benhamiae.
• Statistical analysis (p < 0.05) was used to determine significant correlations and prevalence.

Main Results:

• Specific MEP and SUB genes were significantly associated with T. rubrum, M. canis, and T. benhamiae.
• MEP3 and SUB1 were most frequent in M. canis, while MEP1, 2, 4 and SUB3-7 were most frequent in T. benhamiae.
• Clinical human M. canis isolates showed significantly higher prevalence of MEP1-5 and SUB1-3 genes compared to asymptomatic cat isolates.

Conclusions:

• The distribution of MEP and SUB virulence genes varies significantly among dermatophyte species.
• Gene profiles suggest distinct roles in pathogenesis and host adaptation for different species.
• Further research is needed to identify additional genes involved in keratin degradation and dermatophyte pathogenesis.