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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Characterization of Leukocyte-platelet Rich Fibrin, A Novel Biomaterial
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Published on: September 29, 2015

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Platelet-rich fibrin elicits an anti-inflammatory response in macrophages in vitro

Jila Nasirzade1,2, Zahra Kargarpour1,2, Sadegh Hasannia2

  • 1Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Journal of Periodontology
|August 4, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, shifting macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotypes. This finding supports PRF

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Immunology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a source of bioactive molecules crucial for wound healing and bone regeneration.
  • PRF's therapeutic effects may stem from its ability to modulate macrophage polarization.
  • Macrophages exist in proinflammatory M1 and pro-resolving M2 phenotypes, influencing tissue repair outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of PRF on macrophage polarization.
  • To determine if PRF can shift macrophages from an M1 to an M2 phenotype.

Main Methods:

  • Murine primary macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells were treated with PRF lysates or PRF conditioned medium.
  • Gene expression of M1 (IL1β, IL6) and M2 (arginase-1, YM1) markers was assessed using real-time PCR.
  • IL6 levels and NF-kB p65 translocation were evaluated via immunoassay and immunofluorescence.

Main Results:

  • PRF lysates and PRF conditioned medium significantly reduced M1 marker expression (IL1β, IL6) in macrophages.
  • PRF demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, confirmed by decreased IL6 levels and suppressed p65 translocation.
  • PRF treatments promoted M2 polarization, evidenced by increased expression of arginase-1 and YM1.

Conclusions:

  • PRF possesses significant anti-inflammatory properties.
  • PRF effectively induces a shift in macrophage polarization from the M1 to the M2 phenotype.
  • These findings highlight PRF's potential in modulating immune responses for therapeutic applications.
Keywords:
anti-inflammatory agentsarginaseblood plateletscytokinesmacrophagesplatelet-rich fibrin

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