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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

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Somatic perception of floor inclination.

Atsuki Higashiyama1, Tadashi Yamazaki1

  • 1Ritsumeikan University, Japan.

Acta Psychologica
|August 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Humans can accurately sense floor inclination using somatic and visual cues. Perception varies with body position and visual input, with visual information significantly improving accuracy in sensing tilt.

Area of Science:

  • Human perception
  • Proprioception
  • Vestibular system

Background:

  • The human ability to perceive the inclination of a surface is crucial for balance and spatial orientation.
  • Previous research has explored visual and somatosensory contributions to balance, but the specific interplay in perceiving floor inclination requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the human perception of floor inclination under various sensory and postural conditions.
  • To determine the difference limen (DL) for perceived horizontal floor across different experimental setups.
  • To investigate the role of visual input in conjunction with somatosensory information for inclination perception.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments involved blindfolded and non-blindfolded observers perceiving floor inclination.
Keywords:
Orientation and posturePSE and DLShear force and normal forceSomatic and visual floor inclination

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  • Varied factors included body orientation relative to rotation axis, distance from axis, posture (standing, sitting, lying), and age.
  • Point of Subjective Equality (PSE) and Difference Limen (DL) were measured; verbal estimations of apparent inclination were also collected.

    • Main Results:

    • Mean PSEs for perceived horizontal were accurate within ±0.25° across all conditions.
    • Difference Limens (DLs) were smallest for standing observers with visual input and largest for blindfolded observers lying obliquely to the rotation axis.
    • DLs increased as visual input decreased and body posture became less stable.

    Conclusions:

    • The human perception of floor inclination relies on a combination of somatic and visual inputs.
    • The ratio of shear force to normal force is a key factor in estimating inclination.
    • Visual information significantly enhances the accuracy of perceived floor inclination, especially in less stable postures.