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Updated: Jan 21, 2026
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Patterning Cells on Optically Transparent Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes
Published on: August 20, 2007
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Indium and tin recovery from waste LCD panels using citrate as a complexing agent
Adrián López-Yáñez1, Alejandro Alonso2, Alejandra Vengoechea-Pimienta3
1Departamento de Energía, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, Col. Reynosa Tamaulipas, Azcapotzalco, 02200 CDMX, Mexico.
Waste Management (New York, N.Y.)
|August 5, 2019
Summary
This study presents an eco-friendly citrate leaching method to recover indium (In) and tin (Sn) from LCD waste. Optimal conditions achieved 98.9% In recovery, demonstrating an effective recycling approach.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Environmental Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering
Background:
- LCD panel waste contains valuable metals like indium (In) and tin (Sn).
- Traditional recovery methods can be environmentally hazardous.
- Developing sustainable methods for metal recovery from electronic waste is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate an environmentally-friendly leaching process for In and Sn recovery from LCD waste.
- To optimize leaching conditions using biodegradable citrates.
- To enhance metal recovery efficiency by addressing competing elements.
Main Methods:
- Utilized sodium citrate and citric acid as biodegradable complexing agents.
- Characterized LCD powder using SEM and EDS.
- Determined metal concentrations via AAS.
- Optimized leaching parameters (citrate concentration, pH, reducing/oxidizing agents) and employed pretreatment.
Main Results:
- Citrate leaching in the presence of hydrazine (N2H4) as a reducing agent improved leaching efficiency.
- Pretreatment successfully removed competing tin (Sn) and iron (Fe).
- Optimal conditions (1 M citrate, 0.2 M N2H4, pH 5, S:L ratio 20 g/L) achieved 98.9% In recovery in 16.6 hours.
Conclusions:
- An effective and environmentally friendly citrate-based leaching process for indium recovery from LCD waste was developed.
- The optimized process, including pretreatment and reduction, significantly enhances indium recovery rates.
- This method offers a sustainable solution for recycling critical metals from electronic waste.
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