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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology (Clinical and Behavioral)
  • Philosophy (Western and Eastern)

Background:

  • Self-related processing is a complex construct studied across multiple disciplines.
  • Contemporary models suggest mindfulness training influences self-related processes.
  • This review examines empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review empirical evidence on the impact of mindfulness training on self-related processes.
  • To identify which self-related processes are affected by mindfulness-based interventions.
  • To highlight gaps in current research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mindfulness-based interventions.
  • Analysis of measured self-related processes within these RCTs.
  • Discussion of the empirical support for the hypothesis.

Main Results:

  • Few self-related processes have been rigorously measured in mindfulness RCTs.
  • Negative self-rumination was the only self-related process to show significant improvement.
  • Data remain inconclusive for other self-related processes.

Conclusions:

  • Current empirical evidence is insufficient to confirm mindfulness training's broad impact on self-related processes.
  • Further research is needed, particularly on fundamental aspects of self like embodiment and sense of agency.
  • More studies are required to elucidate the precise mechanisms through which mindfulness may affect the self.