Role of complement system in pathological remodeling of the vascular wall

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular research
• Immunology
• Vascular biology

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of death in Europe.
• Pathological vascular remodeling in conditions like atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) involves complex mechanisms.
• The complement system's role in vascular remodeling is multifaceted, potentially protective or detrimental.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the presence and activation of complement components in atherosclerotic plaques and AAA.
• To assess the functional consequences of complement modulation in experimental models of vascular remodeling.
• To evaluate complement components as potential circulating biomarkers for CVD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of complement system involvement in CVD.
• Analysis of complement components and activation triggers in atherosclerotic plaques and AAA.
• Assessment of experimental models for complement modulation effects on vascular remodeling.

Main Results:

• The complement system is intricately involved in various mechanisms of pathological vascular remodeling.
• Complement activation contributes to leukocyte recruitment, cell activation, and bridging innate and adaptive immunity.
• Evidence suggests a significant role for the complement system in the development and progression of CVD.

Conclusions:

• The complement system is a critical mediator of vascular remodeling in CVD.
• Complement components show potential as circulating biomarkers for CVD diagnosis and prognosis.
• Targeting the complement system represents a promising therapeutic avenue for cardiovascular diseases.