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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
723
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

277
Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

824
Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Author Spotlight: Investigating HR-Dependent Cardiac Function in Mouse Models Through a Novel Atrial-Pacing Approach
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Delirium in heart failure.

Michele Correale1, Mario Altamura2, Raffaella Carnevale2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, "Ospedali Riuniti" University Hospital, viale Pinto 1, Foggia, 71122, Italy.

Heart Failure Reviews
|August 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delirium is common in elderly heart failure patients, but healthcare professionals often lack management expertise. This review emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosing and treating this complication.

Keywords:
DeliriumHeart failureReview

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Delirium is frequently observed in elderly patients hospitalized with heart failure.
  • Existing heart failure guidelines offer limited specific recommendations for managing delirium.
  • There is a notable scarcity of evidence regarding delirium management in this patient population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of delirium diagnosis and management in heart failure patients.
  • To highlight the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach involving various medical specialists.
  • To consolidate current knowledge and address the gap in clinical guidance.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on delirium in heart failure.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and clinical presentation of delirium in this cohort.
  • Examination of evidence-based management strategies and treatment protocols.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant gaps in physician and nursing expertise for managing delirium in heart failure.
  • Confirmed the limited guidance within international heart failure guidelines.
  • Underscored the need for integrated care involving cardiologists, internists, geriatricians, psychologists, and psychiatrists.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of delirium in heart failure necessitates a collaborative, multidisciplinary strategy.
  • Enhanced training and evidence-based protocols are crucial for healthcare providers.
  • Further research is warranted to strengthen the evidence base for delirium management in heart failure.