Check-control of inflammation displayed by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising treatment of different musculoskeletal diseases including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Results from different approaches in this treatment have been not conclusive. Aim: To analyze factors related to interactions between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and MSCs and the influence of cellular activation. Materials & methods: PBMCs from RA patients and healthy controls (HC) were obtained. MSCs from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) were obtained from six donors. CD4, CD25, CD69 and CD127 expression was measured by flow cytometry. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) models were performed using activation, co-culture with BM-MSCs and time of culture (24 h, 72 h, 6 days) as within-subject variables. Results: PBMCs activated and co-cultured with BM-MSCs showed a lower proportion of CD25-positive and CD25high/CD127low-negative cells in both RA and HC. Additionally, a maintained expression of CD69 was also observed in RA and HC when PBMCs were activated and co-cultured with BM-MSCs. Conclusion: Both PBMC activation grade and RA disease activity influence the immunomodulatory effect of BM-MSCs on T-cell activation.