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Examining Gender Differences in Neurocognitive Functioning Across Adulthood.

Karen L Siedlecki1, Francesca Falzarano1, Timothy A Salthouse2

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Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|August 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gender differences in cognitive abilities persist throughout adulthood, with women excelling in memory and speed, and men in spatial skills. These cognitive gender effects remain stable across age and practice sessions.

Keywords:
AgingCognitionCross-sectionalLifespanMemoryProcessing speedSex differencesSpatial ability

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Previous research indicates gender disparities in cognitive functions, with women outperforming men in verbal episodic memory and processing speed, while men excel in spatial abilities.
  • Cognitive function also varies with age, prompting investigation into how these factors interact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine gender differences in neurocognitive functioning across adulthood.
  • To determine if age moderates these gender-based cognitive effects.
  • To assess the consistency of these differences with practice across multiple testing sessions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Virginia Cognitive Aging Project (N=5125, ages 18-99).
  • Assessed five cognitive domains: episodic memory, processing speed, reasoning, spatial visualization, and vocabulary.
  • Employed invariance analyses to compare gender effects across age and practice.

Main Results:

  • Gender significantly influenced episodic memory, processing speed, and spatial visualization, but not reasoning or vocabulary.
  • Invariance analyses supported configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance across genders.
  • Age and practice showed minimal influence on the observed gender effects in neurocognition.

Conclusions:

  • Confirmed female advantage in episodic memory and processing speed, and male advantage in spatial visualization.
  • Neurocognitive gender differences are consistent throughout adulthood.
  • These gender-based cognitive effects remain stable across repeated testing sessions, suggesting practice does not differentially impact performance.